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HomeMy WebLinkAbout906 West Yarmouth Road Details 2.. """ _ C _. ... .._ ..... __ _.. .. ._ ... ..._. -. .. . .. _. -_ -. .. - -. .... .. . . .. - :1.. - - . .—.. _...... _... . - .. .... .._.... .... ..-- ... -_ _ -.. -. __-. ...._ ..-.. _ a ;; _ _ _ ^-_... .. .... _ -... ..�- ^� •-... . .. : _ __. - ' � ••�•w'!moo."�'"e....�"'�""'�...�:..,.�e�. . . . _ - . 1. . . AWC Guide to Wood Construction in High WutdAreas 120 mph Wired Zone . SUBMIT uITH PERMIT APPLICATION (yCGrrirfe tci YY�oorf Cn»strucfi'arr it+ ffigft YYinrt Arrrrs: l t0 super i4'il+d Znne Ma3SaC�Ii1SCt$S Che'Ckixst f(ik C01?a 13atiCC Ste t;71iR 6301.2,1.1 i•' AFYCGufde to Wood Corutruc,ion in Hi Is Wind APPLICnR'T Ttl COMPLETE & rclrr;•/l0 tit ;ft FYarlZone C I tcriolil;L1l1�17 rt�/r�r�z (V[assachttsefts CEl�cic(;s _dot' C(illi(.11f1t1LnE•...." Nlit5301... ,t)t - .. . (c to lynod Cons rrr r ,.• ,- _............... } p g Areas IlOrnpli >nd2one 1V.Iassachusetts Checl�l:%s for Cam fiance (7sa c'!vmsso2;s:i.zj1 A wC Gall ! t 4. ,l C1lSr 02'�r0 �'iriC2C£(7ROCh(R3(tt,•1.f•1} Loadbearin Wall Connections i4t tts (ih C1 f m. 9 (Tables? d C 1l l . - 0 Cbeck a. From Tables 10 and 11 and location of wall sheathing and Building Aspe Ratio, determine Percent Fuli,Haight , ASS Lateral (no. of i6d common Waits) ............... r-•••• )_......__.:.i1,z4?._{ 1\�£I......».... _� Wal! Connections ✓ Sheathing and Nail Spacing requirements .. ... ' • • - Complialtcc Non-Lopdbesring - .. . M� b, Wood Structural Panels 'shall be minimum fhickne�s of 7l(6` and be Install d as follows: - . . _.._... Table 8 ........._ ».-...... ; Latarat (no. of 2:6d odmmon,naits}..,......... ( ) �< 120 mph ✓ Load Bearing Wait Openings (record largest opening but eheckaft openings far comotiance +o Tame g) / l.. Panels shattbe Snstaiiad with strength axis parallel to studs. .........:...-.......' ........................ . eaderS ans ........._.........._.. __ . (Table 9).. ..- ..,&V,TnL Pe 1;, In. 5 f i' L,_ it: All hodzonW Joints shall occur over and be nailed to framing. 1.] scope .................... B _•_]L- H P I - - _.....-.. _ li , try alto es an a double . . ee. ust)...,.._.:.........,.. "' :_........._......• (Table 9}.. e� n S iT . wiind,spi (35 9 ................_.. - StttPlateSpans ,.....__ _ --•• .... - g p _ P emberofth " to late. e o - Fut[ Keight Studs (no. of studs).,.....,.._.._....._...,..:._.. (Cable 9j.. :...,.-•- - "? P P . Wind Lxposure Cat g ry-^ , frdct<it_ti� �&•> 3 �.. '1 Orrsin fe s o construction anelsshall be attached fo b m• Iaf d to m s Non.Load Bearing Walt openings (record Sargest opening but chats ail openngs for comp' nnce 'HTab<e 9) J Iv. - On rivo story consfiuctfon, upper panels shall be eitachad to the fop member of the upper double top . . - '' ' idered a sto Adries 5. 2 Stone ....._........_.,...,: ................... Table 9 .:.......... 3 Q . in. _ 12' V plata and do band Joist at bo4tom of panel. Upper attachment of lower panel shaihbe made to band olst 1.2 P.PPLICaeILITY h e ceeds S to 12 slope shat) be cons rY)-- '; 51212 HeaderSPans..,••• ••••••••• •• (' }""""""""' •._ - aroofwhlc x ,1",,•,,,,,,.„•,,.-•............-.....able9 t?iin.si'2 andlowerattachmentmadetolowestPlataatfirstPoorframin j . ber otStones ( ..(Ft9 2) ...:............. 2f ',.uft.s:r`J' {T }•.,._.......,,. -_ � . . . Num rL 1- S!It Plate.Spans..:............... .. _. .... . .. Fi 2 ...._.....-. (Table 9) ............. _.- . 9 - ••• -- - -- v Hor¢ontal nail spacing at double top plates, band foists, and girdrrrs shall be a double row of Sd, RooF Pltph .:....-:........... ( .. - � - . ......- ............. 9 ) t� cg 5 80 �_ For Height Studs g o: of studs) ,,,_,•_.. _,.....,....... s Inc es on t p f s be ow , V } 1 m . .. Mean Roof'Height .....................:.. {Fig 3).-..............._._ _. ft s so Exterior Wal! Sheathing to Resist Uplift and Shear Simultaneously` .. . .......... 2.G . faggered at 3 h ten er a figure t ertical and Hodzonta 'Ne ling for Panel Ai(ach ant i s i` Building Width. ........t 9 ) 53:' . MinimumHui(dingiiimension,W' 8 _ . i, ...................... F• .. .. .. NominalHelght.ofTaliestOpenfngZ -Si•Fi 56' _ , 8uddtng length. L ..... (. Ig 4)....... <.as 68 _� . As ect Ratio (t/W)' ........�.. ..................... ' : (-i..eS � ,, / .(Fig 4 ).....: Sheathing iYpe._...............................0.......-,• (note 3)...........,......_............:.•..,�/.� _Cd ih� building P I - st O encu ,. ab(a iQ or note 4 if less - ' Nominal Nelght of TaBe P 9 Ed aNaitS bcrn iT ).._....,......»_...._min. �� ,.,^ _ -- .. - `..t Fleld.Natl Spactn »..., r(rabie 10)..,....._._.»........: ....:... ....... Jn, _� ONS' to 2 ........-..:.._., .... ,g ............. ..._.,.._._... --- tdlN Shear Contraction (no, of 16d common oalis)(Tdble 10}...,,- ...................................._...,_,.» ._ ✓i I -. _ coin liancewithframingconnections ........:.:...•••{Tab ) percentFtill-Net htSheathln 'r . - i - 9 g -_.._...._........,(fable f0).._................._...r.,__.-. Genera P a t .. . • 5% Additional Sheathing for Watt with Opanmg > 6'8` (Oesipn Concepts)-•-•--••••-•-••• -LjU .1.. F tllaeffiM6 T t • f aximum Building Olm6nslon, L �� t 2.1 .FOUNDATION M 8 -- x ' tion Walls meeting requirements of . CM 10g:i ....... ... ....•................... ........_....L. _ Founda NominshHetghi of Tattest Open(ngZ,.._.. _......' 6' . k ........._-. - ---: -- - � _ 8� -,...._..............:(note4)_....:_...._............... __.,._..!j.�c 5 % __ ss tI . -. Concrete ......... ........... - --- -. -. Sheathing ype......_...._...,,._. -- ..,....-._...__.: able it ornate 4if fess ._...__......_.- rn. _ \1 a !j - \ Edges Nail Spacing. Cf .. ) INe ErI FiAV..$ bt e ' - CoPcfete Mascnry .-., . ^...»....... .. ...._..,. . _._...... xM i s ; Field Nail Sparing'...• (Table f 1).._ - c TG FOUNDATION ' { _,,- I,A�phors as an alternative in concrete o ty _ ANCHO,�.GE rieta •A.ech�.rca ;trc �, Shear Conner.tion,.no.ofl6dcommonnalls)(TableI1).:-..,_...-... ---._.,-._......»...... -_ t� � .I ii _ _ 2.2 ed ors/8 Prop 0_ - • is Imbedd .............. .... ab 2`% V - i, I, , , Anchof tine .t'i-able 4}.....:...-.._, PercantFull-HetghtSheathing.•-.....-...-.... (T to ti)...._ ................_..._...•_........ u .. , ,� - +mss •Bolt Spa& 9-gd'teral _...-.:........ _. ......_....:.... .. ,, ., „ - _ . f lata ........................_(Fig 5)•••Y•-••-... } ln. 2 7” _^!_ 5%Additional Sheathing -for Walt widi Opening> 6'8` (Design Concepts)._.--.._ . y, , sT eott Sparing from end(otnf o P (Fig 5) ..........::.:......-...- +.._ z 15" _fit• Wait Cladding t' if trete.... ..._. .............. .. _.....__....._--..._......-..._...._-...-......-......-..:-._..,.....I........-....... _ _...._.. -.:-v � i, #, ,H t,•� ' .PA%e.FDs2' 3'+ $ Holt Embedment, con ,(pIg 5) ................ - - Rated for Wlnd Speed? .............. il !Ib alt Embedment- masonrY,...._.: •. Fg ) ............................................2 3: - ,.. .. 3• !i " t! a • �. ,.:. ,. Dnti6lENAIL EDGESPAgND I)Ei'AL Plate Washer......----_......_...._.. ! - f ... ✓ 5.1 ROOFS _ r 'z .. :.»..... / at n iii' 'i i Raaf fcammg memberspans checked?... _ (For Rafters use AWG Snan Toot;sae HHRS Website) _ i, ms „ „ s, O S - er 780 CMR Chapter 5S)_ C._,sn........ -._ . . .. . ........... R { ��, S _ ,,,,., r.Uure i . } SM.alrer'G, L U, 41,J ' •t ,l ! ,.• r.... t• „'i ,sir .......,.... ,3.1 FL6 R s checked ..........:..-..:....:...._•(p 01 :,,,r. -.u- : . . S! w Floor frame o m o :............................................. ^.. - t „ I .- _ _ .......:-,........ _ 1� Truss or Raster Connect}ons at Loadbearing 1Naits - J - a ' cuuly �,,,,� ,a. er or Wail (FIg 6)--...,... :. o.I Do�Zo` f Maximum Floo p ._.";,.... I.......' t Proprietary Connectors „ t! i ds of Floor Openings less than 2 from Ext ✓ . Vertit:al ehd H r, trial Nailing -.. Ful) Height Wall Stu - - . '� . yy / ft 5d'' Upfif> .......,..: .............._..............•..:..(!able i2}..:.:.......,-................. ... Ufgp1( ,1 - N:aximurrl Floor Joist Setbacks ` ti -' 11 " i . l.ateraf................... ' : (Table i2)-..... - P '�' I s or Shearwall...............(Fig 7)................; - ... ». ....--...-......_.......__....,......L- If f:1r Penal Attachment . Supporting Loadbearing Wa I ., ..............-. - __ . ed FloorJolsts / ft � ` . Shear...........................................».(lab�e 12).._-..._...._....._.. _...S=�plf . ' .Maximum Cantilever - - -- - - Watts or ShearwalL..............(Fig 8)..............•••• Ridge Strap Connections,-lf collar ties not used perpage_2L-. (fable i3) . »-,.T i pit - _ Su ortrng LoadbeannJ .....................0......... .... ...: •-'... _ 5s pp ..(Fig g) ................. Fi uce 2O' , ,�,-�.ff- matEer oft' orlJ2 .. _ . � ,i ii � , Gables %take Qutiooker ,.- -..._ ( g I r �' t ................... ... .. Floor Bracing at Endwells....................... ,,.(Per 780 CMR Chapfer55)........_. - �� .at 14 ri-Lo-dbe _ _ # . Truss or-Raflef-Conneclions at tion-Loadbearing Watis _ Floor Sheattiing Tyne .-_..-0 ...................... ...-.,..(per 780 CMR Chepter55)..._.........-:.....? ld - Proprietary Contractors _ , i .d nails at ' n,edge/ f_o.-_in field ..»._..... , - Floor Sheathing Thickness .................. _,.(Table 2j.. yam -- ) _ ...:__-._.... _ _ _ I UOLaLESDGE `, ( - llptifei - ..... ..(rabte,i 62t)�tb. ty g ...:..............:...... 4):.. .._ . i + � - FloorSheathingFastenin •' .) ( } •._,(: j�rZ26. _... .. tUA.SaAClnq - i , � / � Lateral (no. of i6d common nails .. Tsp''��T4............:.:.•................ __ 1 I _ V Roof Sheathtrig Type...:."...___._.... .. »... .».. {Pet f80 CMR Chaplets SB 59) ..».:....::: _ S etall on Next Pages. 1 4.1 WALLS • . . - - tt PO and Table S)_...., �. ! `510 ; - Roof Sheathing Thickness.,........« ............................... •....A.._.............r,.... ...« 32 :(n, 7/i6" W5P ,.- Wall t�elgh .l . - ...............(Fig ... ft 520 9 - 1oaCbv;.arin3.watts................... .....(Fig 10 and Tatite 5)�ri-SGt•� �` Q=< -o:c. .. ........ . . Roof•Sheathing Fastantng •.. »........__.».. (fable 2) ...........:. . _ J es 0 1 .. Vertical andii� nonfat Nailin Non��rk g-,Wffds...::Jt............. ...(Fig t,0 and'7abte 5)-.,»._.,.......! to 24 , Notes: t " - ft - This checkfistshait b8 matin its entirety, excluding the specific exception noted In'2 to domply with the requirements of ° - -Wall Stud Spacing .............t..,...... ............. 1. . _ - _ .....(Fgs 7 & E3)_........-.; ,. , r for Panel Aftaohmerrt .... .......... _....... _ - . Wall Story�sas 780 CMR 5361.2.1.1Item 1. if the eitecktist is rne! in its enlire4r'�,en the following metal scraps and hold downs are not ' __ mite WF�M 11Ft3 mP 5 uide: . m e qulred Se d.2 rX.'fi°RIOR 4YALLSs `. �. - // - -.. Wood SiudS' » +n: t/ f b. b Strap tg re ' {Cable a) v ... Y 2 Gagea s s pe Fgu t4 .......................:............. IB 2:, ln. c. Uplift StrapsperFlgurel4 .Loadbearing walls ...............• (Table $) - i t;'on-Loadbearing vrnIIs..:....._........_. � : d_ Ait Straps pgcFiguta'1T .. , t z Gable End Wali Bracing' „(Fg 70)...„-•••_,,,•. »...__-.+,...:..•---• ......•••I.. e. , ComerStud Haid Drnms per Figura 2Sa and Fgare;i86 . . . Full Height Endwalf,Studs..............::,. ..(Fig 21)...........................•.-............ R2Wt3 ' l xception:Opening heights of up to 8 ft. shall be permitted when 5°/a 1s added td the perce0t full height shaafhing , '.. - - - - t WSP Alttc Floor Length:........:.._.......r.;.... / ff 2 0 g'N . _ _ -Ws requirements shown in Tables 10 and i'1_ n. .n. th if WSP not used).............._.(Ffg'11}...°,............................:_...:..-...._..--"...». -- Gypsum Cetil g t� 9 ( - I. The,bottom sift plate in e4sriorwafls shalt be a ptlnlrrttim 2 iW. nominal thickness pressure treated #2 grade. and 2 x 4 Continuous Laie,at Brace @ 6 R o.c_.. (Fg i1/......... , min. tv tt zx 4 piocking. 4 ft spacing in end joist or trusshays; 1l , , _ , i 3 casein furdn strips @' 16` spacing , � • I _ . or1x 9 9 Double lop Plate .-.._....... ... _ ,.. Slice Len th .....-.-{Fig 23 @nil Table 6)..:...... /731t - - -......1:......_ : J. 9 P table 6 ...__..._ E Splice Connection (rio,'of 1Sd common narls).....-_....( ) . , __ -- . ... , . - ! - _/ . - ; i . • _ . . , _ - a .. .n:.. • :: _ . . - • - , .. : .. l - 1 Y. ' . •' :::I Y f /UQU6 .5 TOP PLATE - 110:MPH EXPOSl1RE 8 WIND ZONE .. Table 2. General Nailing Schedule. JOINT DESCRiPTEON ►Number of . Number of .Nasi Saacinp _ �- '� _ -+- - ; . Common Nails Box'Naits 3+ Rgof'Framing I7oU6L{r HEADM ? = rt BiockingtoRaf#ar�loe-Waited) 2-8d 2-�Od each end „,, „,- ,: him 9oard to halter End Walled) '• ��d. 3-,e1d •, each end I ) - 1 f y ... . . . Walt Framing i 4-16d 5-16d at alms PliL1: Top plates at•{ntersactions (Face naked) r j HEIC�I}T. ) (iFiIMUM REt�UtREt ii;NT6 Al EACH`END Off. HEADER Stud to Stud (Face-nalled) 2-16d 2-16d. 24" o.c. . HeadertoHeader(Face-nalled) 16d 16d 16°o.c.•along.edges :STUD NEADF BPS;,N }{EAD Nt1NtB :'OF ' .._ x . . . (F7 1 l -N 11sHi -1 . l rST taAL & •• OUF; Lir J CK STUD lLi3 )' r' ,, : '4 , EXTENo HcAi�ER. FloorFramIng J 51XE FU STUD& CL 1 .welt_ Joist to Slll, Top Plate or Girder (Toe -Nailed) (Fig.14) _ 4 Bd 4 10d .per jolst'' t .::..: 7o KING srUD '' 2 8d 2 -soil each end WINDOW &ILL PLATE '' 2 2, X4 ) 2711 „ _ _ s.� sheothing a , Blocking to Joist(Toe-Hafted) i32 f e , mus; exrend I «, 3_16d' 416d ' .each block I ' . i ' ` y; ¢ ; . r Slocking.to Sill or Top Plate (Toe-nalled) a 2 2X¢ 2' ¢l6 ” i?:,ps-: up over _ . # r �� - ; ."',i;-, Led er Stri to'Beam or Girder (Face-nalled) 3-16d 4-16d each jo}st i98 .� 't x header g p a8 3-lod er•'olst. 4 %2. X¢ . t , rr:.,, ;:� �� ` Joist on Ledger -to Basin (Toe-Nailpd) 3, d . ,t'tdi'tl j P ) ---- -- ----- 2 2 X54 24 , , , , Band Joist to Jolsf (End=nailed) �(FigAil) 3=16d 4=16d per•Joist -- I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 5 1"- sk 4t t' 't .Band Jatsttc Sil! or Top Plate (Toa-nalled) (Fg. 14) 2 16d. 3-16d per foot , � ") , 2t� 3 633 .3$p . r, r 6 2-2X6 3 ' x3l 99fo r I ° f ' 1 - ``�' v rYr i ?.. n• tri %r ` , . t „ 'Roof Sheathing 2- XS � }ix. ' °y -1 a: -- - _w z` ori S cturai Panels `� I., 1( Wo tru , ' ,` i k Y1.{l ,j NAtL 7oP t Lg7 Rafters or trusses spaced up to 16" o,c. 8d 9 Dd ' . 6" edge/ 6" field . t«�I �....:::: To HS4DER tU17H Sd 1od 4 ed e/4 fseid i y .a NAIL SCHEDULE; , • t : • : • :� Rafters of trusses spaced over 16 o.e. , 9 -------------------- _- - , -- J ;: -2X12 i `- -. eci COMMON a, `' T ti0 lie us o tori b , to dwa I rake or rake truss WIG able Wafharig' 6d . 10d 6" edge/ 6` field = ft - C' 7 "3 2X17 3 j y41: y 3f' „ NAILS AT 3 o.C. AT e o c. : C Gabe endwalt rake or rake kruss w/ structural out lookers Sd 1Dd tin edge/ 6� bald r a • ' u a • ' a M A 4 • ' r c ' n . v �{% 3-2X.12' ;` :, : . Gable sndwall taken orrake truss W/ lookout blocks ' Bd 10d 4 edge! 4 field - a `u t Ara . �' A•n , ; d 4 A'a . A Y .. ,6 % .. A •D ° A •4 . 'A'4 . h 1,38 ' • f„ p . _ \\ u u 4-2X10 . y j,^, :: e p eYY P l�. a +� �t�I 1Q ° D te, • 0 S u f a b' 1' e Py 1, i p .1�%j (, OR - , - 1 Catlin Sheathin -. .. - • . 4 t',•i 4 • • ° l.• , . O, lkr, , ' °• , l." 4, .. D °• . D Gh . ._ li c Ned schedule l 9 g 6d coolers 7` ed e/ 10° f =Id a A'a A+a 4 v, a A a a s A'e ° A.. d A- a a. Gypsum Wa}tboard g A . > , : A'4 , 1 . T . t 7a `� 2 _i ' " -IAt Sd COtiimon ° ° . !° D So p n D o A 2 5/8 ANCHOR BOLTS WITH ' + g TYi'. ANCHOR 64i_T& AND p (� /� ( ` /� j,,".� ;�-r a vg i 3X3 PLATE tUAt3 ° o a s 4 e a D m a '' J� W7'Zl.:J- /�#:. �7 j A- iy -t EXTERIOR r- - at,$°o.c. _ ° ° - - P °. O : T"Yr"� �..:.(\.; HERE Wa115[teathtsaS 4 °• ' a °• I ° a °, 4 3 X$ X114 Pi 4TH tUA�HEi'. °. °. ° + ,. , :' V(E's! of .� P o t i 1' r „may ------r 1Nbod Structural Panels a A'n A o a o A'n A o' " A o D+ A n A'o A' it Lip r r y, , ,� i ,- �' GtaRAGE' c gd 1Dd . 6" edgel12"field / o , ( , , 1 4 , ` _ - a � IY x "ti - OPENING - Studs Spaced UptD 24 Q. ° n w' O :..• D o' q e' D °' >. s' D' °' D !,.' D s' D °'- d ' yf' '/x"and 25!32" Fiberboard Panels . 8d (x1) . ; 3 edge! 6 field o q °,, q q• i • ° o, > v o o a o o a D ' yl ., .._,. a , ... " - - e d 4 p d Q • d • d • ' a • 4 .. ' .a _ I 3 =, wDa e G•p su Wallbo rd 5d000lers 7"edgel.10 field ,o A. _ �: 3999 v� m a _ D 4'0 _. A o A • aheothtn -. ..- - ° e Y ° i - _ Yid ,.. • _. _ _ _ , %J G A C it C . _.i} a A. A _. _ _- . :. - e j must ex and a 'n . : i , ' , u over fit ` }R,;'. •• ': . .• ': a F1borSheatiling - .. . . - 4 . . . - _ - P fta ♦• o a• 4 4 ..4 4 4 •..A 4 •d •4 'q - - header - . °lE.e 'a .aD'a .�d'e ,ad'a .°O•a .AO'a - WQ4Gl tFUGtUCd4P3g41s 10d 6"ed a%12°field • -n�4_- p�° .�-�_, �.°.: b'° '_ � A'a A•4 A•4 •, . 'w 1 orless 8d 9 - "i.: q'n Greater#hon 1° [Ori. 16d 6` edge/6` field �_ ' r 11 Sheathing o ¢ I j a` ,'� 10101 of \.: f p "11, e - _ : opprox. {',1) Corrosion resistant 11 gage Waits and 16 gage staples are permitted; check IBC for additicnal requirements. i } x � _' ,' Nail schedule ``,�,° - - - _ ( mid'hei. ' 8d common gJ : m. w e - ,' ata"o.a�� Tlail: Unless otherwise stated, sizes given for nails are common wire sizes. BoX and ph'eumaticn2Ils of equ vie.rlt w diameter end equal ar greafer lengtitio the spealfled oomman nalSs may be substituted unless othsrMse ' : .q . prohibited. # : 5" 4""�,e /{Y*•- -`.,. .._ '^" - �__ - , s_. - '' l.'.. 4-e a "may' $"� :-.,. K t \_E•.P I�,y ,rte ,'f•x _ h - . . ••. art. +-1"- ^�s�- 'f_ ,_Cf ...•' a. _ ..e -,.. .:!. . ,:' .. . .�1:" kms! K ° rm ENQ+NEER6 - .: ' - - _ - SCAtE:__ - - .: . , . t.. - :. , - .. .... - - r t �' ;f ;:` DAAYltt BY ..,:.: WOODASSdCIA,lO1J . „ . .. - ...4' .. Kt�l'a�.. .,y ApPR a:x;. . _ . . .. - .. .. .. .. _ . .. : - : .: ....., .::: .. FVISED :Y4� �- ' DA �t O F r . . ,.:. .. .. .. . , , o.., ,�' c� res .. : ,....: ...:, .. .: - .. .. : .. ..� .. . .. .. . ... .. _ -. . .. ... _ ,. ... . , :- .. .. �J .. .. ;. - .; 'i :.,, ... - ....:.. ...... ..... - .. .: . < . i .. _ .. ... - .. tL, °3._ -'r -_T_ J'__ _ tee. ,.. _-... .._.,. < ,... ,