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πSECTION 04 2000
UNIT MASONRY
(Part of Filed Sub-Bid Section 04 0001 - Masonry Work)
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. Work Included: Provide labor, materials and equipment necessary to complete the work of this
Section, including but not limited to the following:
1. Concrete masonry units.
2. Decorative concrete masonry units.
3. Acoustical concrete masonry units.
4. Precast architectural concrete trim units.
5. Clay face brick.
6. Mortar and grout.
7. Steel reinforcing bars.
8. Masonry-joint reinforcement.
9. Ties and anchors.
10. Embedded flashing, metal through-wall flashings, built-in metal flashings, and drip edges.
11. Cavity-wall insulation.
12. Miscellaneous masonry accessories.
13. Hoisting Equipment: Masonry subcontractor shall furnish, install, and maintain in safe
and adequate condition, mechanical hoisting equipment, operating personnel, and rigging
that is necessary for the proper execution of the Work of this Section. The requirements
of Section 01 5000 “Temporary Facilities and Controls”, in relation to hoisting and rigging
being the responsibility of the General Contractor, do not apply to the work of this
Section.
14. Staging, Planking and Scaffolding: Masonry subcontractor shall furnish, install, and
maintain in safe and adequate condition, all staging, planking, and scaffolding that is
necessary for the proper execution of the Work in this Section.
15. Other items indicated on Drawings as Work of this Section.
B. Products Installed but not Furnished under This Section:
1. Loose steel lintels installed in unit masonry are furnished under Section 05 5000 "Metal
Fabrications.”
2. Access doors and frames installed in unit masonry are furnished under Section 08 3113
"Access Doors And Frames.”
3. Elevator rail bracket inserts in unit masonry are furnished under Section 14 2100 "Electric
Traction Elevators.”
C. Related Requirements:
1. Section 01 8113 “Sustainable Design Requirements” for general requirements and
procedures for compliance with certain USGBC LEED prerequisites and credits.
2. Section 04 4310 “Granite Cut Stone" for stone trim secured with stone anchors.
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3. Section 05 5000 "Metal Fabrications” for steel restraining angles and plates at top of
CMU partitions.
4. Section 06 7100 “Composite Framing Support (CFS) Systems” for composite framing
support (CFS) system with in-fill insulation.
5. Section 07 8413 “Penetration Firestopping" for firestopping through penetrations in fire-
rated masonry partitions.
6. Section 07 8443 “Joint Firestopping" for firestopping joint sealants in fire-rated masonry
partitions.
7. Section 07 9200 “Joint Sealants" for joint sealants in non-fire-rated masonry partitions.
8. Section 07 9219 “Acoustical Joint Sealants" for acoustical joint sealants in non-fire-rated
masonry partitions.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
A. CMU(s): Concrete masonry unit(s).
B. Reinforced Masonry: Masonry containing reinforcing steel in grouted cells.
1.4 PREINSTALLATION MEETINGS
A. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site.
1.5 ACTION SUBMITTALS
A. Make Submittals in accordance with Section 01 3300 “Submittal Procedures.”
B. Product Data: For each type of product.
C. Sustainable Design Submittals:
1. Environmental Product Declaration (EPD): Provide manufacturers’ product
documentation for each product having an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD).
a. Documentation should confirm EPD conforms with ISO 14205 EN 15804 or ISO
21930.
b. EPD shall have at least Cradle to Gate scope.
c. Complete "LEED Materials Documentation Sheet" with MRc2 information for each
product having an EPD.
2. Recycled Content: Provide manufacturers’ product documentation that includes recycled
content claims for the products contributing towards compliance. Claims must conform to
the definition in ISO 14021-1999, Environmental Labels and Declarations, Self-Declared
Environmental Claims.
a. Complete "LEED Materials Documentation Sheet" with MRc3 Option 2 information
for products with recycled content installed in the building.
3. Adhesives And Sealants: Provide manufacturers' or third-party certification of testing to
and compliance with the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Standard
method v1.2-2017, that includes the following information:
a. The exposure scenario used to determine compliance.
b. The range of total VOCs after 14 days, measured as specified in the CDPH
Standard Method v1.2:
1) 0.5 mg/m^3 or less;
2) Between 0.5 and 5.0 mg/m^3; or
3) 5.0 mg/m^3 or more.
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c. Laboratory accreditation under ISO/IEC 17025.
d. Claims of compliance for wet-applied products must state the amount applied in
mass per surface area.
e. Provide MSDS or other manufacturer documentation with disclosure of VOC
content for all wet-applied products.
f. Complete "LEED Materials Documentation Sheet" with IEQc2 information for
adhesives/sealants installed within the waterproofing membrane.
D. Shop Drawings: For the following:
1. Masonry Units: Show sizes, profiles, coursing, and locations of special shapes.
2. Precast architectural concrete trim units: Show sizes, profiles, and locations of each
precast concrete trim unit required.
3. Reinforcing Steel: Detail bending, lap lengths, and placement of unit masonry reinforcing
bars. Comply with ACI 315. Show elevations of reinforced walls.
4. Fabricated Flashing: Detail corner units, end-dam units, and other special applications.
E. Samples for Verification: For each type and color of the following:
1. Decorative CMUs.
2. Acoustical CMUs.
3. Clay face brick, in the form of straps of five or more bricks.
4. Special brick shapes.
5. Precast architectural concrete trim units.
a. Design reference samples for initial verification of design intent, for each type of
finish indicated on exposed surfaces of architectural precast concrete units, in sets
of three, representative of finish, color, and texture variations expected;
approximately 12 by 12 by 2 inches.
6. Pigmented mortar. Make Samples using same sand and mortar ingredients to be used
on Project.
7. Weep and cavity vent products.
8. Cavity drainage material.
9. Masonry-joint reinforcement.
10. Ties and anchors.
11. Embedded flashing materials.
12. Compressible filler.
13. Preformed control-joint gaskets.
14. Cavity-wall insulation.
15. Accessories embedded in masonry.
1.6 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS
A. List of Materials Used in Constructing Mockups: List generic product names together with
manufacturers, manufacturers' product names, model numbers, lot numbers, batch numbers,
source of supply, and other information as required to identify materials used. Include mix
proportions for mortar and grout and source of aggregates.
1. Submittal is for information only. Receipt of list does not constitute approval of deviations
from the Contract Documents unless such deviations are specifically brought to the
attention of Architect and approved in writing.
B. Material Certificates: For each type and size of the following:
1. Masonry units.
a. Include material test reports substantiating compliance with requirements.
b. For brick, include size-variation data verifying that actual range of sizes falls within
specified tolerances.
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c. For exposed brick, include test report for efflorescence according to ASTM C67.
d. For masonry units used in structural masonry, include data and calculations
establishing average net-area compressive strength of units.
2. Integral water repellent used in CMUs.
3. Cementitious materials. Include name of manufacturer, brand name, and type.
4. Mortar admixtures.
5. Preblended, dry mortar mixes. Include description of type and proportions of ingredients.
6. Grout mixes. Include description of type and proportions of ingredients.
7. Reinforcing bars.
8. Joint reinforcement.
9. Anchors, ties, and metal accessories.
C. Mix Designs: For each type of mortar and grout. Include description of type and proportions of
ingredients.
1. Include test reports, according to ASTM C1019, for grout mixes required to comply with
compressive strength requirement.
D. Statement of Compressive Strength of Masonry: For each combination of masonry unit type
and mortar type, provide statement of average net-area compressive strength of masonry units,
mortar type, and resulting net-area compressive strength of masonry determined according to
TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6.
E. Cold-Weather Procedures: Detailed description of methods, materials, and equipment to be
used to comply with requirements.
1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Mockups: Build mockups to verify selections made under Sample submittals, to demonstrate
aesthetic effects, and to set quality standards for materials and execution.
1. Build exterior wall mockups as indicated on Drawings and specified in Section 01 4339
“Mockups.”
a. Include a sealant-filled joint at least 16 inches long in exterior wall mockup.
b. Include lower corner of window opening at upper corner of exterior wall mockup.
Make opening approximately 12 inches wide by 16 inches high.
c. Include through-wall flashing installed for a 24-inch length in corner of exterior wall
mockup approximately 16 inches down from top of mockup, with a 12-inch length
of flashing left exposed to view (omit masonry above half of flashing).
d. Include metal studs, sheathing, air barrier, veneer anchors, flashing, cavity
drainage material, and weep holes in exterior masonry-veneer wall mockup.
e. Include acoustical CMUs on one face of interior unit masonry wall mockup.
2. Clean one-half of exposed faces of mockups with masonry cleaner as indicated.
3. Protect accepted mockups from the elements with weather-resistant membrane.
4. Approval of mockups is for color, texture, and blending of masonry units; relationship of
mortar and sealant colors to masonry unit colors; tooling of joints; and aesthetic qualities
of workmanship.
a. Approval of mockups is also for other material and construction qualities
specifically approved by Architect in writing.
b. Approval of mockups does not constitute approval of deviations from the Contract
Documents contained in mockups unless Architect specifically approves such
deviations in writing.
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1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Store masonry units on elevated platforms in a dry location. If units are not stored in an
enclosed location, cover tops and sides of stacks with waterproof sheeting, securely tied. If
units become wet, do not install until they are dry.
B. Store cementitious materials on elevated platforms, under cover, and in a dry location. Do not
use cementitious materials that have become damp.
C. Store aggregates where grading and other required characteristics can be maintained and
contamination avoided.
D. Store masonry accessories, including metal items, to prevent corrosion and accumulation of dirt
and oil.
1.9 FIELD CONDITIONS
A. Protection of Masonry: During construction, cover tops of walls, projections, and sills with
waterproof sheeting at end of each day's work. Cover partially completed masonry when
construction is not in progress.
1. Extend cover a minimum of 24 inches down both sides of walls, and hold cover securely
in place.
2. Where one wythe of multiwythe masonry walls is completed in advance of other wythes,
secure cover a minimum of 24 inches down face next to unconstructed wythe, and hold
cover in place.
B. Protection of Completed Masonry: Upon completion of each area of masonry work, General
Contractor shall provide protection of masonry from damage due to adjacent construction
activity by covering tops of walls, projections, sills, and other masonry surfaces. Maintain
protection in place until Substantial Completion. General Contractor shall repair or replace
damaged and stained masonry caused by construction activity.
C. Do not apply uniform floor or roof loads for at least 12 hours and concentrated loads for at least
three days after building masonry walls or columns.
D. Stain Prevention: Prevent grout, mortar, and soil from staining the face of masonry to be left
exposed or painted. Immediately remove grout, mortar, and soil that come in contact with such
masonry.
1. Protect base of walls from rain-splashed mud and from mortar splatter by spreading
coverings on ground and over wall surface.
2. Protect sills, ledges, and projections from mortar droppings.
3. Protect surfaces of window and door frames, as well as similar products with painted and
integral finishes, from mortar droppings.
4. Turn scaffold boards near the wall on edge at the end of each day to prevent rain from
splashing mortar and dirt onto completed masonry.
E. Cold-Weather Requirements: Do not use frozen materials or materials mixed or coated with ice
or frost. Do not build on frozen substrates. Remove and replace unit masonry damaged by
frost or by freezing conditions. Comply with cold-weather construction requirements contained
in TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6.
1. Cold-Weather Cleaning: Use liquid cleaning methods only when air temperature is 40
deg F and higher and will remain so until masonry has dried, but not less than seven
days after completing cleaning.
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PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 MANUFACTURERS
A. Source Limitations for Masonry Units: Obtain exposed masonry units of a uniform texture and
color, or a uniform blend within the ranges accepted for these characteristics, from single
source from single manufacturer for each product required.
B. Source Limitations for Mortar Materials: Obtain mortar ingredients of a uniform quality,
including color for exposed masonry, from single manufacturer for each cementitious
component and from single source or producer for each aggregate.
2.2 LEED REQUIREMENTS
A. Environmental Product Declaration (EPD): Provide products with Third Party Environmental
Product Declaration (EPD) whenever available.
B. Recycled Content: Provide products with the maximum recycled content possible. Minimum
recycled content 20 percent.
C. Adhesives And Sealants: For field applications that are inside the weatherproofing membrane:
Adhesives/sealants must be tested and determined compliant in accordance with California
Department of Public Health (CDPH) Standard Method v1.2-2017, using the applicable
exposure scenario. The default scenario is the private office scenario.
1. All adhesives/sealants wet-applied on site must meet the applicable chemical content
requirements of SCAQMD Rule 1168, October 6, 2017, Adhesive and Sealant
Applications, as analyzed by the methods specified in Rule 1168. The provisions of
SCAQMD Rule 1168 do not apply to adhesives and sealants subject to state or federal
consumer product VOC regulations.
2.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
A. Provide structural unit masonry that develops indicated net-area compressive strengths at 28
days.
1. Determine net-area compressive strength of masonry from average net-area
compressive strengths of masonry units and mortar types (unit-strength method)
according to TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6.
2.4 UNIT MASONRY, GENERAL
A. Masonry Standard: Comply with TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6, except as modified by
requirements in the Contract Documents.
B. Defective Units: Referenced masonry unit standards may allow a certain percentage of units to
contain chips, cracks, or other defects exceeding limits stated. Do not use units where such
defects are exposed in the completed Work and will be within 20 feet vertically and horizontally
of a walking surface.
C. Fire-Resistance Ratings: Comply with requirements for fire-resistance-rated assembly designs
indicated.
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1. Where fire-resistance-rated construction is indicated, units shall be listed and labeled by
a qualified testing agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.
2.5 CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS
A. Shapes: Provide shapes indicated and as follows, with exposed surfaces matching exposed
faces of adjacent units unless otherwise indicated.
1. Provide special shapes for lintels, corners, jambs, sashes, movement joints, headers,
bonding, and other special conditions.
2. Where vertically reinforced CMUs are indicated, provide 2-core or 3-core CMUs as
required to provide continuous open vertical cores for the installation of vertical
reinforcement and grout.
3. Provide square-edged units for outside corners unless otherwise indicated.
B. CMUs: ASTM C90.
1. Unit Compressive Strength: Provide units with minimum average net-area compressive
strength of 2150 psi.
2. Density Classification: Normal weight.
3. Size (Width): Manufactured to dimensions 3/8 inch less than nominal dimensions.
C. Decorative CMUs: ASTM C90.
1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide 2500 Series
Ground-Face Concrete Masonry Units by A. Jandris & Sons, Inc., Gardner, MA (tel. 978-
632-0089) or a comparable product by one of the following or equal:
a. Trenwyth Industries, Inc., Emigsville, PA (tel. 800-233-1924 or 717-767-6868).
b. Westbrook Concrete Block Co., Inc., Westbrook, CT (tel. 860-399-6201).
c. York Building Products, Inc., York, PA (tel. 717-848-2831).
2. Unit Compressive Strength: Provide units with minimum average net-area compressive
strength of 2150 psi.
3. Density Classification: Normal weight.
4. Size (Width): Manufactured to dimensions specified in "CMUs" Paragraph.
5. Pattern and Texture: A. Jandris & Sons, Inc.; Series 2500.
6. Finish exposed surfaces of decorative CMUs to match face-surface finish.
7. Colors: As selected by Architect from manufacturer's full range.
D. Acoustical CMUs: ASTM C90, with ground-face finish.
1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide Type
RSC/RF4 with ground face finish by A. Jandris & Sons, Inc., Gardner, MA (tel. 978-632-
0089) or a comparable product by one of the following or equal:
a. Sound Seal, Agawam, MA (tel. 413-789-1770).
b. The Proudfoot Company, Inc., Monroe, CT (tel. 203-459-0031).
2. Unit Compressive Strength: Provide units with minimum average net-area compressive
strength of 2150 psi.
3. Colors and Patterns: As selected by Architect from manufacturer's full range.
2.6 PRECAST ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE TRIM UNITS
A. Quality-Control Standard: For manufacturing procedures and testing requirements, quality-
control recommendations, and dimensional tolerances for types of units required, comply with
PCI MNL 117, "Manual for Quality Control for Plants and Production of Architectural Precast
Concrete Products."
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1. Fabricator Qualifications: A firm that assumes responsibility for engineering architectural
precast concrete units to comply with performance requirements. This responsibility
includes preparation of Shop Drawings and comprehensive engineering analysis by a
qualified professional engineer.
2. Designated as a PCI-certified plant for Group A, Category A1 - Architectural Cladding
and Load Bearing Units at time of bidding or designated as an APA-certified plant for
production of architectural precast concrete products.
B. Normal-Weight Concrete Mixtures: Proportion full-depth mixture by either laboratory trial batch
or field test data methods according to ACI 211.1, with materials to be used on Project, to
provide normal-weight concrete with the following properties:
1. Compressive Strength (28 Days): 5000 psi minimum.
2. Maximum Water-Cementitious Materials Ratio: 0.45.
C. Water Absorption: 6 percent by weight or 14 percent by volume, tested according to
ASTM C642, except for boiling requirement.
D. Add air-entraining admixture at manufacturer's prescribed rate to result in concrete at point of
placement having an air content complying with PCI MNL 117.
E. Coloring Admixture: ASTM C979/C979M, synthetic or natural mineral-oxide pigments or
colored water-reducing admixtures, temperature stable, and nonfading.
F. Finishes: Exposed faces shall be free of joint marks, grain, and other obvious defects.
Corners, including false joints shall be uniform, straight, and sharp.
1. Honed Finish: Use continuous mechanical abrasion with fine grit, followed by filling and
rubbing procedures.
2. Finish exposed surfaces of architectural precast concrete units to match face-surface
finish.
G. Cut or mold inscriptions and decorative surfaces for corner stone. Use skilled workers
experienced in the successful performance of work similar to that indicated.
2.7 CONCRETE AND MASONRY LINTELS
A. Concrete Lintels: ASTM C1623, matching CMUs in color, texture, and density classification;
and with reinforcing bars indicated. Provide lintels with net-area compressive strength not less
than that of CMUs.
B. Masonry Lintels: Prefabricated or built-in-place masonry lintels made from bond beam CMUs
matching adjacent CMUs in color, texture, and density classification, with reinforcing bars
placed as indicated and filled with coarse grout. Cure precast lintels before handling and
installing. Temporarily support built-in-place lintels until cured.
2.8 BRICK
A. General: Provide shapes indicated and as follows, with exposed surfaces matching finish and
color of exposed faces of adjacent units:
1. For ends of sills and caps and for similar applications that would otherwise expose
unfinished brick surfaces, provide units without cores or frogs and with exposed surfaces
finished.
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2. Provide special shapes for applications where stretcher units cannot accommodate
special conditions, including those at corners, movement joints, bond beams, sashes,
and lintels.
3. Provide special shapes for applications requiring brick of size, form, color, and texture on
exposed surfaces that cannot be produced by sawing.
4. Provide special shapes for applications where shapes produced by sawing would result
in sawed surfaces being exposed to view.
B. Clay Face Brick: Facing brick complying with ASTM C216.
1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide Norman
Brick by Endicott Clay Products Co., Endicott, NE, or a comparable product by one of the
following or equal:
a. Glen-Gery Corporation, Wyomissing, PA.
b. Morin Brick Company, Auburn, ME.
c. Watsontown Brick Company, Watsontown, PA.
2. Grade: SW.
3. Type: FBX.
4. Unit Compressive Strength: Provide units with minimum average net-area compressive
strength of 3350 psi.
5. Initial Rate of Absorption: Less than 30 g/30 sq. in. per minute when tested according to
ASTM C67.
6. Efflorescence: Provide brick that has been tested according to ASTM C67 and is rated
"not effloresced."
7. Size (Actual Dimensions): 3-5/8 inches wide by 2-1/4 inches high by 11-5/8 inches long.
8. Color and Texture: Desert Ironspot Light, Velour texture.
2.9 MORTAR AND GROUT MATERIALS
A. Portland Cement: ASTM C150/C150M, Type I or II, except Type III may be used for cold-
weather construction. Provide natural color or white cement as required to produce mortar color
indicated.
1. Alkali content shall not be more than 0.1 percent when tested according to ASTM C114.
B. Hydrated Lime: ASTM C207, Type S.
C. Mortar Pigments: Natural and synthetic iron oxides and chromium oxides, compounded for use
in mortar mixes and complying with ASTM C979/C979M. Use only pigments with a record of
satisfactory performance in masonry mortar.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be incorporated
into the Work include, but are not limited to the following or equal:
a. Davis Colors; True Tone Mortar Colors.
b. Lanxess Corporation; Bayferrox Iron Oxide Pigments.
c. Solomon Colors, Inc.; SGS Mortar Colors.
D. Aggregate for Mortar: ASTM C144.
1. Aggregate for mortar shall not contain more than 50 ppm of chloride ions and shall be
free of organic contaminants.
2. For mortar that is exposed to view, use washed aggregate consisting of natural sand or
crushed stone.
E. Aggregate for Grout: ASTM C404.
F. Water: Potable and free from deleterious amounts of acids, alkalis and organic materials.
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2.10 REINFORCEMENT
A. Uncoated-Steel Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A615/A615M or ASTM A996/A996M, Grade 60.
B. Reinforcing Bar Positioners: Wire units designed to fit into mortar bed joints spanning masonry
unit cells and to hold reinforcing bars in center of cells. Units are formed from 0.148-inch steel
wire, hot-dip galvanized after fabrication. Provide units designed for number of bars indicated.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be incorporated
into the Work include, but are not limited to the following or equal:
a. Dayton Superior Corporation, Dur-O-Wal Division; D/A 810, D/A 812 or D/A 817.
b. Heckmann Building Products Inc.; No. 376 Rebar Positioner.
c. Hohmann & Barnard, Inc.; #RB or #RB-Twin Rebar Positioner.
d. Wire-Bond; O-Ring or Double O-Ring Rebar Positioner.
C. Masonry-Joint Reinforcement, General: ASTM A951/A951M, hot-dip galvanized carbon steel.
1. Wire Size for Side Rods: 0.187-inch diameter.
2. Wire Size for Cross Rods: 0.187-inch diameter.
3. Spacing of Cross Rods, Tabs, and Cross Ties: Not more than 16 inches o.c.
4. Provide in lengths of not less than 10 feet, with prefabricated corner and tee units.
2.11 TIES AND ANCHORS
A. General: Ties and anchors shall extend at least 1-1/2 inches into veneer but with at least a 5/8-
inch cover on outside face.
B. Materials: Provide ties and anchors specified in this article that are made from materials that
comply with the following unless otherwise indicated:
1. Hot-Dip Galvanized, Carbon-Steel Wire: ASTM A82/A82M, with ASTM A153/A153M,
Class B-2 coating.
2. Steel Sheet, Galvanized after Fabrication: ASTM A1008/A1008M, Commercial Steel,
with ASTM A153/A153M, Class B coating.
C. Slot-Channel Anchors for Connecting Concrete Block to Steel Structure: Provide two-piece
assemblies that allow vertical adjustment but resist tension, compression, and lateral forces.
1. Anchor Section for Welding to Steel Frame: Slotted steel channel section, minimum
0.093 inches thick (nominal 12 gage) by minimum 7 inches long (5-1/2 inch vertical
adjustability), for welding to steel, hot-dip galvanized after fabrication.
2. Tie Section: Triangular-shaped wire tie made from 0.25-inch-diameter, hot-dip
galvanized steel wire.
3. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following products
or equal:
a. D/A901 Channel Anchor Slot with D/A918 Series Channel Anchor Triangular Ties;
Dur-O-Wal by Dayton Superior.
1) For steel indicated to receive applied fire protection, provide D/A902
Channel Anchor Slot.
b. No. 133 Weld-On Channel Slot with No. 129 Channel Slot Triangular Wire Tie;
Heckmann Building Products, Inc.
1) For steel indicated to receive applied fire protection, provide custom No. 133
Weld-On Channel Slot with extension legs.
c. No. 360 Gripstay Channel with No. 363 Flexible Gripstay Anchor; Hohmann &
Barnard, Inc.
1) For steel indicated to receive applied fire protection, provide No. 361
Gripstay Channel.
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D. Rigid Anchors: Fabricate from steel bars 1-1/2 inches wide by 1/4 inch thick by 24 inches long,
with ends turned up 2 inches or with cross pins unless otherwise indicated.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following products
or equal:
a. No. 272; Heckmann Building Products, Inc.
b. No. 344; Hohmann & Barnard, Inc.
c. No. 3000Z; Masonry Reinforcing Corporation of America.
2. Corrosion Protection: Hot-dip galvanized to comply with ASTM A153/A153M.
E. Adjustable Masonry-Veneer Anchors:
1. General: Provide anchors that allow vertical adjustment but resist a 100-lbf load in both
tension and compression perpendicular to plane of wall without deforming or developing
play in excess of 1/16 inch.
2. Fabricate sheet metal anchor sections and other sheet metal parts from 0.105-inch- thick
steel sheet, galvanized after fabrication.
3. Fabricate wire ties from 0.25-inch-diameter, hot-dip galvanized-steel wire.
4. Screw-Attached, Masonry-Veneer Anchors for Brick: Wire tie and a corrosion-resistant,
self-drilling, eye-screw designed to receive wire tie. Eye-screw has spacer that seats
directly against framing and is same thickness as sheathing and has gasketed washer
head that covers hole in sheathing.
a. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be
incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to the following or equal:
1) Hohmann & Barnard, Inc.; 2-Seal Thermal Wing Nut Anchor and Wire Tie.
2) Heckmann Building Products Inc.; Pos-I-Tie® ThermalClip®
5. Screw-Attached, Masonry-Veneer Anchors For Precast Architectural Concrete Trim:
Wire tie and a corrosion-resistant, self-drilling, eye-screw designed to receive wire tie.
Eye-screw has spacer that seats directly against framing and is same thickness as
sheathing and has gasketed washer head that covers hole in sheathing.
a. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be
incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to the following or equal:
1) Hohmann & Barnard, Inc.; Thermal Concrete 2-Seal Wing Nut Stone
Anchor Split-Tail.
2.12 EMBEDDED FLASHING MATERIALS
A. Metal Flashing: Provide metal flashing complying with SMACNA's "Architectural Sheet Metal
Manual" and as follows:
1. Stainless Steel: ASTM A240/A240M or ASTM A666, Type 304, 0.016 inch thick.
2. Fabricate continuous flashings in sections 96 inches long minimum, but not exceeding 12
feet. Provide splice plates at joints of formed, smooth metal flashing.
3. Fabricate through-wall flashing with snaplock receiver on exterior face where indicated to
receive counterflashing.
4. Fabricate through-wall flashing with drip edge unless otherwise indicated. Fabricate by
extending flashing 1/4 inch out from wall, with outer edge bent down 30 degrees and
hemmed.
5. Solder metal items at corners.
B. Solder and Sealants for Sheet Metal Flashings:
1. Solder for Stainless Steel: ASTM B32, Grade Sn60 or Grade Sn96, with acid flux of type
recommended by stainless steel sheet manufacturer.
2. Elastomeric Sealant: ASTM C920, chemically curing silicone sealant; of type, grade,
class, and use classifications required to seal joints in sheet metal flashing and remain
watertight.
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2.13 MISCELLANEOUS MASONRY ACCESSORIES
A. Compressible Filler: Premolded filler strips complying with ASTM D1056, Grade 2A1;
compressible up to 35 percent; of width and thickness indicated; formulated from neoprene,
urethane or PVC.
B. Preformed Control-Joint Gaskets: Made from styrene-butadiene-rubber compound, complying
with ASTM D2000, Designation M2AA-805; or PVC, complying with ASTM D2287, Type PVC-
65406 and designed to fit standard sash block and to maintain lateral stability in masonry wall;
size and configuration as indicated.
C. Bond-Breaker Strips: Asphalt-saturated felt complying with ASTM D226/D226M, Type I (No. 15
asphalt felt).
D. Weep/Cavity Vent Products: Use one of the following unless otherwise indicated:
1. Rectangular Plastic Weep/Vent Tubing: Clear butyrate, 3/8 by 1-1/2 by 3-1/2 inches
long.
2. Cellular Plastic Weep/Vent: One-piece, flexible extrusion made from UV-resistant
polypropylene copolymer, full height and width of head joint and depth 1/8 inch less than
depth of outer wythe, in color selected from manufacturer's standard.
a. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide
QV - Quadro-Vent by Hohmann & Barnard, Inc. or a comparable product by one of
the following or equal:
1) Blok-Lok Limited.
2) Heckmann Building Products Inc.
3) Mortar Net Solutions.
4) Wire-Bond.
E. Cavity Drainage Material: Free-draining mesh, made from polymer strands that will not degrade
within the wall cavity.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be incorporated
into the Work include, but are not limited to the following or equal:
a. Archovations, Inc.; CavClear Masonry Mat.
b. Blok-Lok Limited; Mortar-Mitt.
c. Heckmann Building Products Inc.; No. 84 Weep-Thru Mortar Deflector.
d. Hohmann & Barnard, Inc.; Mortar Trap.
e. Mortar Net Solutions; MortarNet.
f. Keene Building Products; KeeneStone Cut 2 or Driwall Mortar Deflection 2.0-160
2. Configuration: Provide one of the following:
a. Strips, full depth of cavity and 10 inches high, with dovetail-shaped notches 7
inches deep that prevent clogging with mortar droppings.
b. Strips, not less than 1-1/2 inches thick and 10 inches high, with dimpled surface
designed to catch mortar droppings and prevent weep holes from clogging with
mortar.
F. Precast Accessories: Provide clips, hangers, high-density plastic shims, and other accessories
required to install architectural precast concrete units.
2.14 CAVITY-WALL INSULATION
A. Mineral-Wool Board, Type II, Unfaced: ASTM C 612, Type II; with maximum flame-spread and
smoke-developed indexes of 15 and zero, respectively, per ASTM E 84; passing ASTM E 136
for combustion characteristics. Nominal density of 6 lb/cu. ft.
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B. Adhesive: Type recommended by insulation board manufacturer for application indicated.
2.15 MORTAR AND GROUT MIXES
A. General: Do not use admixtures, including pigments, air-entraining agents, accelerators,
retarders, water-repellent agents, antifreeze compounds, or other admixtures unless otherwise
indicated.
1. Do not use calcium chloride in mortar or grout.
2. Use portland cement-lime mortar unless otherwise indicated.
B. Mortar for Unit Masonry: Comply with ASTM C270, Proportion Specification. Provide the
following types of mortar for applications stated unless another type is indicated or needed to
provide required compressive strength of masonry.
1. For reinforced masonry, use Type S.
2. For exterior non-load-bearing veneer and parapet walls, use Type N, except provide
cement/lime ratio (by volume) to 1 part Portland cement; 1 part hydrated lime; and 5 parts
aggregate.
3. For interior nonload-bearing partitions, use Type N.
C. Pigmented Mortar: Select and proportion pigments with other ingredients to produce color
required.
1. Pigments shall not exceed 10 percent of portland cement by weight.
2. Mix to match Architect's sample.
3. Application: Use pigmented mortar for exposed mortar joints with the following units:
a. Decorative CMUs.
b. Acoustical CMUs.
c. Clay face brick.
d. Precast trim units.
D. Grout for Unit Masonry: Comply with ASTM C476.
1. Use grout of type indicated or, if not otherwise indicated, of type (fine or coarse) that will
comply with TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6 for dimensions of grout spaces and pour height.
2. Proportion grout in accordance with ASTM C476, Table 1 or paragraph 4.2.2 for specified
28-day compressive strength indicated, but not less than 2000 psi.
3. Provide grout with a slump of 8 to 11 inches as measured according to
ASTM C143/C143M.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Examine conditions, with Installer present, for compliance with requirements for installation
tolerances and other conditions affecting performance of the Work.
1. For the record, prepare written report, endorsed by Installer, listing conditions detrimental
to performance of the Work.
2. Verify that foundations are within tolerances specified.
3. Verify that reinforcing dowels are properly placed.
4. Verify that substrates are free of substances that impair mortar bond.
B. Before installation, examine rough-in and built-in construction for piping systems to verify actual
locations of piping connections.
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C. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
3.2 INSTALLATION, GENERAL
A. Thickness: Build cavity and composite walls and other masonry construction to full thickness
shown. Build single-wythe walls to actual widths of masonry units, using units of widths
indicated.
B. Build chases and recesses to accommodate items specified in this and other Sections.
C. Leave openings for equipment to be installed before completing masonry. After installing
equipment, complete masonry to match construction immediately adjacent to opening.
D. Use full-size units without cutting if possible. If cutting is required to provide a continuous
pattern or to fit adjoining construction, cut units with motor-driven saws; provide clean, sharp,
unchipped edges. Allow units to dry before laying unless wetting of units is specified. Install cut
units with cut surfaces and, where possible, cut edges concealed.
E. Select and arrange units for exposed unit masonry to produce a uniform blend of colors and
textures. Mix units from several pallets or cubes as they are placed.
F. Wetting of Brick: Wet brick before laying if initial rate of absorption exceeds 30 g/30 sq. in. per
minute when tested according to ASTM C67. Allow units to absorb water so they are damp but
not wet at time of laying.
3.3 TOLERANCES
A. Dimensions and Locations of Elements:
1. For dimensions in cross section or elevation, do not vary by more than plus 1/2 inch or
minus 1/4 inch.
2. For location of elements in plan, do not vary from that indicated by more than plus or
minus 1/2 inch.
3. For location of elements in elevation, do not vary from that indicated by more than plus or
minus 1/4 inch in a story height or 1/2 inch total.
B. Lines and Levels:
1. For bed joints and top surfaces of bearing walls, do not vary from level by more than 1/4
inch in 10 feet, or 1/2-inch maximum.
2. For conspicuous horizontal lines, such as lintels, sills, parapets, and reveals, do not vary
from level by more than 1/8 inch in 10 feet, 1/4 inch in 20 feet, or 1/2-inch maximum.
3. For vertical lines and surfaces, do not vary from plumb by more than 1/4 inch in 10 feet,
3/8 inch in 20 feet, or 1/2-inch maximum.
4. For conspicuous vertical lines, such as external corners, door jambs, reveals, and
expansion and control joints, do not vary from plumb by more than 1/8 inch in 10 feet, 1/4
inch in 20 feet, or 1/2-inch maximum.
5. For lines and surfaces, do not vary from straight by more than 1/4 inch in 10 feet, 3/8 inch
in 20 feet, or 1/2-inch maximum.
6. For vertical alignment of exposed head joints, do not vary from plumb by more than 1/4
inch in 10 feet or 1/2-inch maximum.
7. For faces of adjacent exposed masonry units, do not vary from flush alignment by more
than 1/16 inch except due to warpage of masonry units within tolerances specified for
warpage of units.
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C. Joints:
1. For bed joints, do not vary from thickness indicated by more than plus or minus 1/8 inch,
with a maximum thickness limited to 1/2 inch.
2. For exposed bed joints, do not vary from bed-joint thickness of adjacent courses by more
than 1/8 inch.
3. For head and collar joints, do not vary from thickness indicated by more than plus 3/8
inch or minus 1/4 inch.
4. For exposed head joints, do not vary from thickness indicated by more than plus or minus
1/8 inch. Do not vary from adjacent bed-joint and head-joint thicknesses by more than
1/8 inch.
5. For exposed bed joints and head joints of stacked bond, do not vary from a straight line
by more than 1/16 inch from one masonry unit to the next.
3.4 LAYING MASONRY WALLS
A. Lay out walls in advance for accurate spacing of surface bond patterns with uniform joint
thicknesses and for accurate location of openings, movement-type joints, returns, and offsets.
Avoid using less-than-half-size units, particularly at corners, jambs, and, where possible, at
other locations.
B. Bond Pattern for Exposed Masonry: Unless otherwise indicated, lay exposed masonry in bond
pattern indicated on Drawings or, if not indicated, running bond; do not use units with less-than-
nominal 4-inch horizontal face dimensions at corners or jambs.
C. Lay concealed masonry with all units in a wythe in running bond or bonded by lapping not less
than 4 inches. Bond and interlock each course of each wythe at corners. Do not use units with
less-than-nominal 4-inch horizontal face dimensions at corners or jambs.
D. Stopping and Resuming Work: Stop work by stepping back units in each course from those in
course below; do not tooth. When resuming work, clean masonry surfaces that are to receive
mortar, remove loose masonry units and mortar, and wet brick if required before laying fresh
masonry.
E. Built-in Work: As construction progresses, build in items specified in this and other Sections.
Fill in solidly with masonry around built-in items.
F. Fill space between steel frames and masonry solidly with mortar unless otherwise indicated.
G. Where built-in items are to be embedded in cores of hollow masonry units, place a layer of
metal lath, wire mesh, or plastic mesh in the joint below, and rod mortar or grout into core.
H. Fill cores in hollow CMUs with grout 24 inches under bearing plates, beams, lintels, posts, and
similar items unless otherwise indicated.
I. Build nonload-bearing interior partitions full height of story to underside of solid floor or roof
structure above unless otherwise indicated.
1. Install compressible filler in joint between top of partition and underside of structure
above.
2. At fire-rated partitions, treat joint between top of partition and underside of structure
above to comply with Section 07 8443 "Joint Firestopping."
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3.5 INSTALLATION OF PRECAST ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE TRIM UNITS
A. Install clips, hangers, bearing pads, and other accessories required for connecting architectural
precast concrete trim units to supporting members and backup materials.
B. Erect architectural precast concrete trim units level, plumb, and square within specified
allowable tolerances. Provide temporary supports and bracing as required to maintain position,
stability, and alignment of units until permanent connections are completed.
1. Install temporary plastic spacing shims as precast concrete trim units are being erected.
2. Maintain horizontal and vertical joint alignment and uniform joint width as erection
progresses.
3. Remove projecting lifting devices and grout fill voids within recessed lifting devices flush
with surface of adjacent surfaces when recess is exposed.
C. Connect architectural precast concrete units in position by grouting or as otherwise indicated on
Shop Drawings. Remove temporary shims, wedges, and spacers as soon as practical after
installation.
3.6 MORTAR BEDDING AND JOINTING
A. Lay CMUs as follows:
1. Bed face shells in mortar and make head joints of depth equal to bed joints.
2. Bed webs in mortar in all courses of piers, columns, and pilasters.
3. Bed webs in mortar in grouted masonry, including starting course on footings.
4. Fully bed entire units, including areas under cells, at starting course on footings where
cells are not grouted.
5. Fully bed units and fill cells with mortar at anchors and ties as needed to fully embed
anchors and ties in mortar.
B. Lay solid masonry units, including precast architectural concrete units, with completely filled bed
and head joints; butter ends with sufficient mortar to fill head joints and shove into place. Do not
deeply furrow bed joints or slush head joints.
C. Set precast architectural concrete trim units in full bed of mortar with full vertical joints. Fill
dowel, anchor, and similar holes.
1. Clean soiled surfaces with fiber brush and soap powder and rinse thoroughly with clear
water.
2. Allow cleaned surfaces to dry before setting.
3. Rake out mortar joints for pointing with sealant where indicated.
4. For coping caps, form open vertical joints of width indicated, but not less than 3/8 inch for
installation of sealant and backer rod, specified in Section 07 9200 "Joint Sealants."
Keep joint free and clear of mortar.
D. Tool exposed joints slightly concave when thumbprint hard, using a jointer larger than joint
thickness.
E. Cut joints flush for masonry walls to receive plaster or other direct-applied finishes (other than
paint) unless otherwise indicated.
F. Cut joints flush where indicated to receive air barriers unless otherwise indicated.
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3.7 CAVITY WALLS
A. Bond wythes of cavity walls together using bonding system indicated on Drawings.
B. Keep cavities clean of mortar droppings and other materials during construction. Bevel beds
away from cavity, to minimize mortar protrusions into cavity. Do not attempt to trowel or remove
mortar fins protruding into cavity.
C. Installing Cavity Wall Insulation: Place small dabs of adhesive, spaced approximately 12 inches
o.c. both ways, on inside face of insulation boards, or attach with plastic fasteners designed for
this purpose. Fit courses of insulation between wall ties and other confining obstructions in
cavity, with edges butted tightly both ways. Press units firmly against inside wythe of masonry
or other construction as indicated.
1. Fill cracks and open gaps in insulation with crack sealer compatible with insulation and
masonry.
3.8 ANCHORED MASONRY VENEERS
A. Anchor masonry veneers to wall framing and concrete and masonry backup with masonry-
veneer anchors to comply with the following requirements:
1. Fasten screw-attached anchors to wall framing and to concrete and masonry backup with
metal fasteners of type indicated.
2. Embed tie sections in masonry joints.
3. Locate anchor sections to allow maximum vertical differential movement of ties up and
down.
4. Space anchors as indicated, but not more than 16 inches o.c. vertically and horizontally.
Install additional anchors within 12 inches of openings and at intervals not exceeding 24
inches around perimeter of openings.
B. Provide not less than 2 inches of airspace between back of masonry veneer and face of
insulation.
1. Keep airspace clean of mortar droppings and other materials during construction. Bevel
beds away from airspace, to minimize mortar protrusions into airspace. Do not attempt to
trowel or remove mortar fins protruding into airspace.
3.9 MASONRY-JOINT REINFORCEMENT
A. General: Install entire length of longitudinal side rods in mortar with a minimum cover of 5/8
inch on exterior side of walls, 1/2 inch elsewhere. Lap reinforcement a minimum of 6 inches.
1. Space reinforcement not more than 16 inches o.c.
2. Space reinforcement not more than 8 inches o.c. in foundation walls and parapet walls.
3. Provide reinforcement not more than 8 inches above and below wall openings and
extending 12 inches beyond openings in addition to continuous reinforcement.
B. Interrupt joint reinforcement at control and expansion joints unless otherwise indicated.
C. Provide continuity at wall intersections by using prefabricated T-shaped units.
D. Provide continuity at corners by using prefabricated L-shaped units.
E. Cut and bend reinforcing units as directed by manufacturer for continuity at returns, offsets,
column fireproofing, pipe enclosures, and other special conditions.
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3.10 ANCHORING MASONRY TO STRUCTURAL STEEL AND CONCRETE
A. Anchor masonry to structural steel and concrete, where masonry abuts or faces structural steel
or concrete, to comply with the following:
1. Provide an open space not less than 2 inches wide between masonry and structural steel
or concrete unless otherwise indicated. Keep open space free of mortar and other rigid
materials.
2. Anchor masonry with anchors embedded in masonry joints and attached to structure.
3. Space anchors as indicated, but not more than 24 inches o.c. vertically and 36 inches
o.c. horizontally.
3.11 CONTROL AND EXPANSION JOINTS
A. General: Install control- and expansion-joint materials in unit masonry as masonry progresses.
Do not allow materials to span control and expansion joints without provision to allow for in-
plane wall or partition movement.
B. Form control joints in concrete masonry using one of the following methods:
1. Fit bond-breaker strips into hollow contour in ends of CMUs on one side of control joint.
Fill resultant core with grout, and rake out joints in exposed faces for application of
sealant.
2. Install preformed control-joint gaskets designed to fit standard sash block.
3. Install interlocking units designed for control joints. Install bond-breaker strips at joint.
Keep head joints free and clear of mortar, or rake out joint for application of sealant.
4. Install temporary foam-plastic filler in head joints, and remove filler when unit masonry is
complete for application of sealant.
C. Form expansion joints in brick as follows:
1. Build in compressible joint fillers where indicated.
2. Form open joint full depth of brick wythe and of width indicated, but not less than 1/2 inch
for installation of sealant and backer rod specified in Section 07 9200 "Joint Sealants."
D. Provide horizontal, pressure-relieving joints by either leaving an airspace or inserting a
compressible filler of width required for installing sealant and backer rod specified in
Section 07 9200 "Joint Sealants," but not less than 3/8 inch.
1. Locate horizontal, pressure-relieving joints beneath shelf angles supporting masonry.
3.12 LINTELS
A. Install steel lintels where indicated.
B. Provide concrete or masonry lintels where shown and where openings of more than 12 inches
for brick-size units and 24 inches for block-size units are shown without structural steel or other
supporting lintels.
C. Provide minimum bearing of 8 inches at each jamb unless otherwise indicated.
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3.13 FLASHING, WEEP HOLES, AND CAVITY VENTS
A. Install embedded flashing and weep holes in masonry at shelf angles, lintels, ledges, other
obstructions to downward flow of water in wall, and where indicated. Install cavity vents at shelf
angles, ledges, and other obstructions to upward flow of air in cavities, and where indicated.
B. Install flashing as follows unless otherwise indicated:
1. Prepare masonry surfaces so they are smooth and free from projections that could
puncture flashing. Where flashing is within mortar joint, place through-wall flashing on
sloping bed of mortar and cover with mortar.
2. At multiwythe masonry walls, including cavity walls, extend flashing through outer wythe,
turned up a minimum of 8 inches, and 1-1/2 inches into the inner wythe. Form 1/4-inch
hook in edge of flashing embedded in inner wythe.
3. At masonry-veneer walls, extend flashing through veneer, across airspace behind
veneer, and up face of sheathing at least 8 inches; with upper edge tucked under air
barrier, lapping at least 4 inches. Fasten upper edge of flexible flashing to sheathing
through termination bar.
4. At lintels and shelf angles, extend flashing a minimum of 6 inches into masonry at each
end. At heads and sills, extend flashing 6 inches at ends and turn up not less than 2
inches to form end dams.
C. Install reglets and nailers for flashing and other related construction where they are shown to be
built into masonry.
D. Install weep holes in exterior wythes and veneers in head joints of first course of masonry
immediately above embedded flashing.
1. Use specified weep/cavity vent products to form weep holes.
2. Space weep holes 24 inches o.c. unless otherwise indicated.
3. Space weep holes formed from plastic tubing 16 inches o.c.
E. Place cavity drainage material in airspace behind veneers to comply with configuration
requirements for cavity drainage material in "Miscellaneous Masonry Accessories" Article.
F. Install cavity vents in head joints in exterior wythes at spacing indicated. Use specified
weep/cavity vent products to form cavity vents.
1. Close cavities off vertically and horizontally with blocking in manner indicated. Install
through-wall flashing and weep holes above horizontal blocking.
3.14 REINFORCED UNIT MASONRY INSTALLATION
A. Temporary Formwork and Shores: Construct formwork and shores as needed to support
reinforced masonry elements during construction.
1. Construct formwork to provide shape, line, and dimensions of completed masonry as
indicated. Make forms sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of mortar and grout. Brace,
tie, and support forms to maintain position and shape during construction and curing of
reinforced masonry.
2. Do not remove forms and shores until reinforced masonry members have hardened
sufficiently to carry their own weight and that of other loads that may be placed on them
during construction.
B. Placing Reinforcement: Comply with requirements in TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6.
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C. Grouting: Do not place grout until entire height of masonry to be grouted has attained enough
strength to resist grout pressure.
1. Comply with requirements in TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6 for cleanouts and for grout
placement, including minimum grout space and maximum pour height.
2. Limit height of vertical grout pours to not more than 60 inches.
3.15 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Testing and Inspecting: Owner will engage special inspectors to perform tests and inspections
and prepare reports. Allow inspectors access to scaffolding and work areas as needed to
perform tests and inspections. Retesting of materials that fail to comply with specified
requirements shall be done at Contractor's expense.
B. Inspections: Special inspections according to Level B in TMS 402/ACI 530/ASCE 5.
1. Begin masonry construction only after inspectors have verified proportions of site-
prepared mortar.
2. Place grout only after inspectors have verified compliance of grout spaces and of grades,
sizes, and locations of reinforcement.
3. Place grout only after inspectors have verified proportions of site-prepared grout.
C. Testing Prior to Construction: One set of tests.
D. Testing Frequency: One set of tests for each 5000 sq. ft. of wall area or portion thereof.
E. Clay Masonry Unit Test: For each type of unit provided, according to ASTM C67 for
compressive strength.
F. Concrete Masonry Unit Test: For each type of unit provided, according to ASTM C140 for
compressive strength.
G. Mortar Aggregate Ratio Test (Proportion Specification): For each mix provided, according to
ASTM C780.
H. Grout Test (Compressive Strength): For each mix provided, according to ASTM C1019.
3.16 REPAIRING, POINTING, AND CLEANING
A. Remove and replace masonry units that are loose, chipped, broken, stained, or otherwise
damaged or that do not match adjoining units. Install new units to match adjoining units; install
in fresh mortar, pointed to eliminate evidence of replacement.
B. Pointing: During the tooling of joints, enlarge voids and holes, except weep holes, and
completely fill with mortar. Point up joints, including corners, openings, and adjacent
construction, to provide a neat, uniform appearance. Prepare joints for sealant application,
where indicated.
C. In-Progress Cleaning: Clean unit masonry as work progresses by dry brushing to remove
mortar fins and smears before tooling joints.
D. Final Cleaning: After mortar is thoroughly set and cured, clean exposed masonry as follows:
1. Remove large mortar particles by hand with wooden paddles and nonmetallic scrape
hoes or chisels.
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2. Test cleaning methods on sample wall panel; leave one-half of panel uncleaned for
comparison purposes. Obtain Architect's approval of sample cleaning before proceeding
with cleaning of masonry.
3. Clean brick by bucket-and-brush hand-cleaning method described in BIA Technical
Notes 20.
4. Clean concrete masonry by applicable cleaning methods indicated in NCMA TEK 8-4A.
3.17 PROTECTION OF COMPLETED MASONRY WORK
A. Upon completion of each area of masonry work, General Contractor shall provide protection of
masonry from damage due to adjacent construction activities by covering tops of walls,
projections, sills, and other masonry surfaces. Maintain protection in place until Substantial
Completion. General Contractor shall repair or replace damaged and stained masonry caused
by construction activities.
3.18 MASONRY WASTE DISPOSAL
A. Salvageable Materials: Unless otherwise indicated, excess masonry materials are Contractor's
property. At completion of unit masonry work, remove from Project site.
B. Waste Disposal as Fill Material: Dispose of clean masonry waste, including excess or soil-
contaminated sand, waste mortar, and broken masonry units, by crushing and mixing with fill
material as fill is placed.
1. Crush masonry waste to less than 4 inches in each dimension.
2. Mix masonry waste with at least two parts of specified fill material for each part of
masonry waste. Fill material is specified in Section 31 2000 "Earth Moving."
3. Do not dispose of masonry waste as fill within 18 inches of finished grade.
C. Masonry Waste Recycling: Return broken CMUs not used as fill to manufacturer for recycling.
D. Excess Masonry Waste: Remove excess clean masonry waste that cannot be used as fill, as
described above or recycled, and other masonry waste, and legally dispose of off Owner's
property.
END OF SECTION
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