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Section 04 43 20
STONE MASONRY
(Part of Filed Sub-Bid Section 04 0001 – Masonry Work)
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and General Provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
B. Related Sections: The following sections contain requirements that relate to this section.
1. Section 03 30 00 - Cast-in-Place Concrete
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK
A. Provide all materials, equipment and labor necessary to complete the work as indicated on
the drawings or as specified herein.
B. The principal work of this section includes, but may not be limited to the following:
1. Stone veneer, mortar, anchors and accessories necessary to complete the work.
1.3 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated.
1. For stone varieties proposed for use on Project, include test data indicating
compliance with physical properties specified or required by referenced ASTM
standards.
B. Samples for Verification:
1. For each stone type indicated. Include at least four samples in each set for each
type of stone, exhibiting extremes of the full range of color and other visual
characteristics expected in completed Work. Samples will establish the standard by
which stone provided will be judged.
2. For each color of mortar required.
C. List of Materials Used in Constructing Mockups: List generic product names together with
manufacturers, manufacturers' product names, sources of supply, and other information
as required to identify materials used. Include mix proportions for mortar and source of
aggregates.
1. Submittal is for information only. Neither receipt of list nor approval of mockups
constitutes approval of deviations from the Contract Documents unless such
deviations are specifically brought to the attention of Landscape Architect and
approved in writing.
D. Qualification Data: For qualified Installer.
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1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Installer Qualifications: A qualified installer who employs experienced stonemasons and
stone fitters with a minimum 10 years experience doing this type of work outlined in these
specifications.
B. Source Limitations for Stone: Obtain each specified stone, regardless of finish, from one
quarry, or manufacturer with resources to provide materials of consistent quality in
appearance and physical properties.
C. Source Limitations for Mortar Materials: Obtain mortar ingredients of a uniform quality,
including color for exposed masonry, from single manufacturer for each cementitious
component and from single source or producer for each aggregate.
D. Mockups: Build mockups to demonstrate workmanship and set quality standards for
materials and execution.
1. Build mockup of typical wall area as shown on Drawings.
2. Build mockups for each type of stone masonry in sizes approximately 48” long by 30”
high by full thickness, including face and backup accessories.
a. Include pre-cast caps at top of mockup.
b. Include a sealant-filled joint at least 10” long in mockup.
3. Protect accepted mockups from the elements with weather-resistant membrane.
4. Approval of mockups is for color, texture, and blending of stone; relationship of
mortar and sealant colors to stone colors; tooling of joints; and aesthetic qualities of
workmanship.
a. Approval of mockups is also for other material and construction qualities
Landscape Architect specifically approves in writing.
b. Approval of mockups does not constitute approval of deviations from the
Contract Documents contained in mockups unless Landscape Architect
specifically approves such deviations in writing.
5. Approved mockups may become part of the completed Work if undisturbed at time of
Substantial Completion.
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Store cementitious materials on elevated platforms, under cover, and in a dry location. Do
not use cementitious materials that have become damp.
B. Store aggregates where grading and other required characteristics can be maintained and
contamination avoided.
C. Deliver preblended, dry mortar mix in moisture-resistant containers designed for lifting and
emptying into dispensing silo. Store preblended, dry mortar mix in delivery containers on
elevated platforms, under cover, and in a dry location or in a metal dispensing silo with
weatherproof cover.
D. Store masonry accessories, including metal items, to prevent corrosion and accumulation
of dirt and oil.
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1.6 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Protection of Stone Masonry: During construction, cover tops of walls, projections, and
sills with waterproof sheeting at end of each day's work. Cover partially completed stone
masonry when construction is not in progress.
1. Extend cover a minimum of 24 inches down both sides and hold cover securely in
place.
B. Stain Prevention: Immediately remove mortar and soil to prevent them from staining the
face of stone masonry.
1. Protect base of walls from rain-splashed mud and mortar splatter by coverings
spread on the ground and over the wall surface.
2. Protect sills, ledges, and projections from mortar droppings.
3. Protect surfaces of window and door frames, as well as similar products with painted
and integral finishes, from mortar droppings.
4. Turn scaffold boards near the wall on edge at end of each day to prevent rain from
splashing mortar and dirt on completed stone masonry.
C. Cold-Weather Requirements: Do not use frozen materials or materials mixed or coated
with ice or frost. Do not build on frozen substrates. Remove and replace stone masonry
damaged by frost or freezing conditions. Comply with cold-weather construction
requirements contained in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.
1. Cold-Weather Cleaning: Use liquid cleaning methods only when air temperature is
40 deg F and above and will remain so until masonry has dried, but not less than 7
days after completing cleaning.
D. Hot-Weather Requirements: Comply with hot-weather construction requirements
contained in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.
1.8 PRE-INSTALLATION CONFERENCE
A. Installer of the Work of this Section is required to attend pre-installation conference
specified under Section 04 20 00 - UNIT MASONRY.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 STONE
A. Provide sound natural stone as follows:
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, Veneer Stone shall be a
fieldstone cut veneer to the minimum dimensions shown on the Plan. Stone shall be
mortared and joints raked ½” to 3/4”. Stone shall be sourced locally.
2. Color: Stone color shall be in the warm tones of beige, tan, brown, blue with light or
golden highlights.
B. Wall Cap
1. Products: Wall Cap shall be precast concrete, a minimum of 4” thick, color shall be
Grey. Cap thickness shall be consistent throughout and shall be full stone wall
width and as indicated on the Plans. Cap shall be fabricated to include channel for
light installation as indicated on Plans.
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2. Refer to specification 04 2000 UNIT MASONRY.
C. Image below indicate the range of acceptable wall geologic make-up, shapes, color
ranges and patterns meeting the design intent.
2.2 MORTAR MATERIALS
A. Portland Cement: ASTM C 150, Type I or II, except Type III may be used for cold-
weather construction. Provide natural color or white cement as required to produce
mortar color indicated.
1. Low-Alkali Cement: Not more than 0.60 percent total alkali when tested according to
ASTM C 114.
B. Hydrated Lime: ASTM C 207, Type S.
C. Mortar Cement: ASTM C 1329.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, available products that may be
incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following]:
a. Lafarge North America; Lafarge Mortar Cement or Magnolia Superbond Mortar
Cement.
D. Masonry Cement: ASTM C 91.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, available products that may be
incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. Essroc, Italcementi Group; Brixment or Velvet.
b. Holcim (US) Inc.; Mortamix Masonry Cement
c. Lafarge North America; Magnolia Masonry Cement Lafarge Masonry Cement.
d. Lehigh Cement Company; [Lehigh Masonry Cement.
E. Aggregate: ASTM C 144 and as follows:
1. For pointing mortar, use aggregate graded with 100 percent passing No. 16 sieve.
2. White Aggregates: Natural white sand or ground white stone.
3. Colored Aggregates: Natural-colored sand or ground marble, granite, or other sound
stone; of color necessary to produce required mortar color.
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F. Latex Additive: Manufacturer's standard water emulsion, serving as replacement for part
or all of gaging water, of type specifically recommended by latex-additive manufacturer
for use with field-mixed portland cement mortar bed, and not containing a retarder.
1. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, available manufacturers
offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited
to, the following:
a. Boiardi Products Corporation.
b. Bonsal.
c. Bostik Findley Inc.
d. C-Cure.
e. Custom Building Products.
f. DAP Inc.
g. Laticrete International, Inc.
h. MAPEI Corp.
i. Summitville Tiles, Inc.
j. TEC Specialty Construction Brands; H. B. Fuller Company.
G. Cold-Weather Admixture: Nonchloride, noncorrosive, accelerating admixture complying
with ASTM C 494/C 494M, Type C, and recommended by manufacturer for use in
masonry mortar of composition indicated.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, available products that may be
incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. Euclid Chemical Company (The); Accelguard 80.
b. Grace Construction Products, a unit of W. R. Grace & Co. - Conn.; Morset.
c. Sonneborn, Div. of Degussa Building Systems; Trimix-NCA.
H. Water: Potable.
2.3 VENEER ANCHORS
A. Materials:
1. Hot-Dip Galvanized-Steel Wire: ASTM A 82, with ASTM A 153/A 153M, Class B-2.
2. Stainless-Steel Wire: ASTM A 580/A 580M, Type 304.
3. Hot-Dip Galvanized-Steel Sheet: ASTM A 1008/A 1008M, cold-rolled, carbon-steel
sheet hot-dip galvanized after fabrication to comply with ASTM A 153/A 153M,
Class B-2.
4. Stainless-Steel Sheet: ASTM A 240/A 240M, Type 304.
B. Size: Sufficient to extend at least halfway, but not less than 1-1/2 inches, through stone
masonry and with at least 5/8-inch cover on outside face.
C. Wire Veneer Anchors: Wire ties formed from W1.7 or 0.148-inch- diameter, hot-dip
galvanized-steel wire.
1. Ties are bent in the form of loops with legs not less than 15 inches in length and with
last 2 inches bent at 90 degrees.
2. Ties are bent in the form of rectangular loops with ends bent downward for inserting
into eyes projecting from masonry joint reinforcement specified in Division 04 Section
"Unit Masonry."
3. Ties are bent in the form of triangular loops designed to be attached to masonry joint
reinforcement specified in Division 04 Section "Unit Masonry" with vertical wires
passing through ties and through eyes projecting from masonry joint reinforcement.
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D. Corrugated-Metal Veneer Anchors: Not less than 0.030-inch-thick by 7/8-inch-wide
galvanized-steel sheet with corrugations having a wavelength of 0.3 to 0.5 inch and an
amplitude of 0.06 to 0.10 inch.
2.4 STONE TRIM ANCHORS
A. Stone Trim Anchors: Units fabricated with tabs or dowels designed to engage kerfs or
holes in stone trim units and holes for fasteners or postinstalled anchor bolts for fastening
to substrates or framing as indicated.
1. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, available manufacturers
offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited
to, the following:
a. Halfen Anchoring Systems; Meadow Burke.
b. Heckmann Building Products Inc.
c. Hohmann & Barnard, Inc.
B. Materials: Fabricate anchors from stainless steel, ASTM A 240/A 240M, Type 304.
Fabricate dowels from stainless steel, ASTM A 276, Type 304.
C. Fasteners for Stone Trim Anchors: Annealed stainless-steel bolts, nuts, and washers;
ASTM F 593 for bolts and ASTM F 594 for nuts, Alloy Group 1.
2.5 MISCELLANEOUS MASONRY ACCESSORIES
A. Compressible Filler: Premolded filler strips complying with ASTM D 1056, Grade 2A1;
compressible up to 35 percent; of width and thickness indicated; formulated from
neoprene urethane or PVC.
B. Cementitious Dampproofing: Cementitious formulations that are recommended by ILI
and that are nonstaining to stone, compatible with joint sealants, and noncorrosive to
veneer anchors and attachments.
C. Weep Hole/Vent Products: Use the following unless otherwise indicated:
1. Round Plastic Tubing: Medium-density Black polyethylene, 2-inch OD by thickness
of stone masonry.
2.6 MASONRY CLEANERS
A. Proprietary Acidic Cleaner: Manufacturer's standard-strength cleaner designed for
removing mortar and grout stains, efflorescence, and other new construction stains from
stone masonry surfaces without discoloring or damaging masonry surfaces; expressly
approved for intended use by cleaner manufacturer and stone producer.
1. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, available manufacturers
offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited
to, the following:
a. Diedrich Technologies, Inc.
b. Dominion Restoration Products.
c. EaCo Chem, Inc.
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d. Hydrochemical Techniques, Inc.
e. Prosoco, Inc.
2.7 MORTAR MIXES
A. General: Do not use admixtures, including pigments, air-entraining agents, accelerators,
retarders, water-repellent agents, antifreeze compounds, or other admixtures, unless
otherwise indicated.
1. Do not use calcium chloride.
2. Limit cementitious materials in mortar to portland cement, mortar cement, and lime.
3. Add cold-weather admixture (if used) at same rate for all mortar that will be exposed
to view, regardless of weather conditions, to ensure that mortar color is consistent.
4. Mixing Pointing Mortar: Thoroughly mix cementitious and aggregate materials
together before adding water. Then mix again, adding only enough water to produce
a damp, unworkable mix that will retain its form when pressed into a ball. Maintain
mortar in this dampened condition for one to two hours. Add remaining water in
small portions until mortar reaches desired consistency. Use mortar within 30
minutes of final mixing; do not retemper or use partially hardened material.
B. Preblended, Dry Mortar Mix: Furnish dry mortar ingredients in the form of a preblended
mix. Measure quantities by weight to ensure accurate proportions, and thoroughly blend
ingredients before delivering to Project site.
C. Mortar for Stone Masonry: Comply with ASTM C 270, Specification.
1. Mortar for Setting Stone: Type N.
D. Latex-Modified Portland Cement Setting Mortar: Proportion and mix portland cement,
aggregate, and latex additive to comply with latex-additive manufacturer's written
instructions.
E. Cement-Paste Bond Coat: Mix either neat cement and water or cement, sand, and water
to a consistency similar to that of thick cream.
1. For latex-modified portland cement setting-bed mortar, substitute latex admixture for
part or all of water, according to latex-additive manufacturer's written instructions.
F. Mortar for Scratch Coat over Unit Masonry: 1 part portland cement, 1 part lime, 7 parts
loose damp sand, and enough water to produce a workable consistency.
2.8 FABRICATION
A. Fabricate stone to comply with sizes, shapes, and tolerances recommended by
applicable stone association or, if none, by stone source, for faces, edges, beds, and
backs.
1. For granite, comply with recommendations in NBGQA's "Specifications for
Architectural Granite."
B. Select stone to produce pieces of thickness, size, and shape indicated, including details
on Drawings. Recess joints (bed and vertical) straight and at right angle to face unless
otherwise indicated.
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C. Cut and drill sinkages and holes in stone for anchors and supports.
D. Carefully inspect stone at quarry or fabrication plant for compliance with requirements for
appearance, material, and fabrication. Replace defective units before shipment.
1. Clean sawed backs of stone to remove rust stains and iron particles.
E. Gage backs of stones for adhered veneer if more than 81 sq. in. (522 sq. cm) in area.
F. Thickness of Stone: Provide thickness indicated, but not less than the following:
1. Thickness: 6 inches plus or minus 1/2 inch
G. Finish exposed faces and edges of stone to comply with requirements indicated for finish
and to match approved samples and mockups.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Examine surfaces indicated to receive stone masonry, with Installer present, for
compliance with requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting
performance.
B. Examine substrate to verify that dovetail slots, inserts, reinforcement, veneer anchors,
flashing, and other items installed in substrates and required for or extending into stone
masonry are correctly installed.
C. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
3.2 PREPARATION
A. Clean dirty or stained stone surfaces by removing soil, stains, and foreign materials
before setting. Clean stone by thoroughly scrubbing with fiber brushes and then
drenching with clear water. Use only mild cleaning compounds that contain no caustic or
harsh materials or abrasives.
3.3 SETTING OF STONE MASONRY, GENERAL
A. Perform necessary field cutting and trimming as stone is set.
1. Use power saws to cut stone that is fabricated with saw-cut surfaces. Cut lines
straight and true, with edges eased slightly to prevent snipping.
2. Use hammer and chisel to split stone that is fabricated with split surfaces. Make
edges straight and true, matching similar surfaces that were shop or quarry
fabricated.
3. Pitch face at field-split edges as needed to match stones that are not field split.
B. Sort stone before it is placed in wall to remove stone that does not comply with
requirements relating to aesthetic effects, physical properties, or fabrication, or that is
otherwise unsuitable for intended use.
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C. Arrange stones in uncoursed rubble pattern with joint widths within tolerances indicated.
D. Arrange stones with color and size variations uniformly dispersed for an evenly blended
appearance.
E. Set stone to comply with requirements indicated on Drawings. Install supports, fasteners,
and other attachments indicated or necessary to secure stone masonry in place. Set
stone accurately in locations indicated with edges and faces aligned according to
established relationships and indicated tolerances.
F. Maintain uniform joint widths except for variations due to different stone sizes and where
minor variations are required to maintain bond alignment if any. Lay walls with joints not
less than 1/4 inch at narrowest points or more than 5/8 inch at widest points.
G. Provide sealant joints of widths and at locations indicated.
1. Keep sealant joints free of mortar and other rigid materials.
2. Sealing joints is specified in Division 07 Section "Joint Sealants."
H. Place weep holes and vents in joints where moisture may accumulate, including at base
of cavity walls, above shelf angles, and at flashing.
1. Use round black plastic tubing to form weep holes.
2. Space weep holes 8 feet on center horizontally and never more than 2-inches above
finished grade on exposed face.
3.4 CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES
A. Variation from Plumb: For vertical lines and surfaces, do not exceed 1/4 inch in 10 feet,
3/8 inch in 20 feet, or 1/2 inch in 40 feet or more. For external corners, expansion joints,
control joints, and other conspicuous lines, do not exceed 1/4 inch in 20 feet or 1/2 inch in
40 feet or more.
B. Variation of Linear Building Line: For position shown in plan, do not exceed 1/2 inch in
20 feet or 3/4 inch in 40 feet or more.
C. Measure variation from level, plumb, and position shown in plan as variation of the
average plane of the face of each stone from level, plumb, or dimensioned plane.
D. Variation in Mortar-Joint Thickness: Do not vary from joint size range indicated.
E. Variation in Plane between Adjacent Stones: Do not exceed one-half of tolerance
specified for thickness of stone.
3.5 INSTALLATION OF ANCHORED STONE MASONRY
A. Anchor stone masonry to concrete with corrugated-metal veneer anchors unless
otherwise indicated. Secure anchors by inserting dovetailed ends into dovetail slots in
concrete.
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B. Anchor stone masonry to unit masonry with corrugated-metal or individual wire veneer
anchors unless otherwise indicated. Embed anchors in unit masonry mortar joints or
grouted cells for distance at least one-half of unit masonry thickness.
C. Embed veneer anchors in mortar joints of stone masonry at least halfway, but not less
than 1-1/2 inches, through stone masonry and with at least 5/8-inch cover on outside
face.
1. Install continuous wire reinforcement in horizontal joints and attach to seismic veneer
anchors as stone is set.
D. Space anchors not more than 16 inches o.c. vertically and 24 inches o.c. horizontally.
Install additional anchors within 12 inches of openings, sealant joints, and perimeter at
intervals not exceeding 12 inches.
E. Set stone in full bed of mortar with full head joints unless otherwise indicated. Build
anchors into mortar joints as stone is set.
3.6 INSTALLATION OF ADHERED STONE MASONRY VENEER
A. Coat backs of stone units and face of masonry backup with cement-paste bond coat,
then butter both surfaces with setting mortar. Use sufficient setting mortar so a slight
excess will be forced out the edges of stone units as they are set. Tap units into place,
completely filling space between units and masonry backup.
B. Cut weep hole and arrange stone around weep holes to hide pipe.
F. Rake out joints for pointing with mortar to depth of not less than 1/2 inch before setting
mortar has hardened. Rake joints to uniform depths with square bottoms and clean
sides.
3.7 ADJUSTING AND CLEANING
A. Remove and replace stone masonry of the following description:
1. Broken, chipped, stained, or otherwise damaged stone.
2. Defective joints.
3. Stone masonry not matching approved samples and mockups.
4. Stone masonry not complying with other requirements indicated within specification.
B. Replace in a manner that results in stone masonry matching approved samples and
mockups, complying with other requirements, and showing no evidence of replacement.
C. In-Progress Cleaning: Clean stone masonry as work progresses. Remove mortar fins
and smears before tooling joints.
D. Final Cleaning: After mortar is thoroughly set and cured, clean stone masonry as follows:
1. Remove large mortar particles by hand with wooden paddles and nonmetallic scrape
hoes or chisels.
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2. Test cleaning methods on mockup; leave one-half of panel uncleaned for comparison
purposes. Obtain Architect's approval of sample cleaning before cleaning stone
masonry.
3. Protect adjacent stone and nonmasonry surfaces from contact with cleaner by
covering them with liquid strippable masking agent, polyethylene film, or waterproof
masking tape.
4. Wet wall surfaces with water before applying cleaner; remove cleaner promptly by
rinsing thoroughly with clear water.
5. Clean stone masonry by bucket and brush hand-cleaning method described in BIA
Technical Note No. 20 Revised II, using job-mixed detergent solution.
6. Clean stone masonry with proprietary acidic cleaner applied according to
manufacturer's written instructions.
3.8 EXCESS MATERIALS AND WASTE
A. Excess Stone: Stack excess stone on site where directed by Owner for Owner's use.
B. Disposal as Fill Material: Dispose of clean masonry waste, including mortar and excess
or soil-contaminated sand, by crushing and mixing with fill material as fill is placed.
1. Crush masonry waste to less than 4 inches in greatest dimension.
2. Mix masonry waste with at least two parts of specified fill material for each part of
masonry waste. Fill material is specified in Division 31 Section "Earth Moving."
3. Do not dispose of masonry waste as fill within 18 inches of finished grade.
C. Excess Masonry Waste: Remove excess clean masonry waste that cannot be used as
fill, as described above, and other waste, and legally dispose of off Owner's property.
END OF SECTION
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